Jose Rizal Epic Poem Essay Example for Free

Jose Rizal Epic Poem EssayA natural hero was born on 1861His pick up was Jose RizalA gifted child who studied foreign languagesThis smashing hero was the founder of La Liga Filipina.During his life period there was a warThe Philippines was shattered to the ground.. galore(postnominal) uprisings were fought against the Spaniards every of it failed until the Noble Jose Rizal came.His divine weapon was not a sword nor a gunBut a small pen. A pen so great it united the Filipinos. His words inspired the hearts of allIt spread all over the country like a wild fireThe Spaniards comprehend it just like a wind whispering to themThey locked Jose Rizal in a dark tiny chamber in a basementThey tortured him.. Oh low sir Jose Rizal..Yet his hated grows and burns within his soulThe Filipinos planned to free himThey had worked so hard.. and it succeededJose sighed.. What a beautiful sightBut he said disappointment stay here to represent our nationAndres Bonifacio another great hero said.. Are you sure Jose?And Jose replied with all my heart yes I am..The Spaniards came with an army so greatThey have to leave Jose Rizal to the hands of the Evil SpaniardsThey confine him with a great heavy chainsTormented his life for trying to escapeAnd one sidereal day the government ordered his deathHis death day was on December 30, 1896There he was standing alone under the heavy rain tooshie him a hundred gunman to shoot him dead.The leader shouted Fire and then a gun echoed in the area,the Heroic Jose Rizal was shot in the back.. his centerfield sight blurred for the last timeHe felt the pain starts to erupt up to his spinehe breathe for the very last timeHe looked up into the misty skycollapsing facing the gunmanThere he was lying dead on the bloody groundThe Clouds weeps for his deathAll the Filipinos who watched him get shot screamed NoHis death inflamed the hearts of the Filipinos

Devil in the White City Essay Example for Free

Devil in the colour City Es thinkThe Devil in the White City takes two aspects that rose in clams during the late 1880s and the early 1890s and interlocks them. The World uncontaminating did not just bring millions of people to the city, it brought optimism. Even though dinero became magnificent by dint of the Fair, it still remained in a mind frame of racism, inequality of gender, separation of social class, and countless murders. The story of the White City of Chicago enhances the story of the Devil, H. H. Holmes, who name contentment within its w solelys and created a downfall of humanism all on his own.Daniel Burnham and John initial created the White City with the help of umteen architects from New York, Boston, St. Louis and Chicago. Burnham pore on the public relations so he mainly found the work and also took care of the m onenessy coming in. On the other side, resolution was an innovator. He drew the blueprints and built what Root had agreed to do. Throughout many challenges, and tragedy, both(prenominal) men planned the building of the White City and enhanced its landscape. The White City was given to the 1893 Worlds interpretation celebrating Columbus discovery of America.The city of Chicago was given the honor of hosting the extravagant affair. Many people remained anxious, thinking that the Exposition would not excel a county fair, because they only envisioned Chicago as just an uncultured, meatpacking city and nothing more than. But then the news came and Chicago was to be the host the people of Chicago were ecstatic. They could finally show incessantlyyone they were as cultured and civilized as New York and maybe even better. Upon this great news, the firm of Burnham and Root was given the task of creating the Exposition grounds.The task had to be completed in approximately three years to be ready for the Dedication Ceremony and crack Day. Three of their major obstacles were the location of the Exposition, its planning and de sign of the Exposition. It took them almost six months to decide on a location, so they only had two years and a half to design the building and landscape and then build the final product. It appeared to be an impossible task at the sentence. As soon as one challenge was met, three more would arise.One of the most prominent challenges was to create something that was comparable or preferably better than the Eiffel Tower, which was built for the capital of France Exposition. America treasured the world to know that it could have a better World Fair Exposition than anything that had been done before. Other issues included the continued possibility of strikes from the workers, fighting committees for the praise of everything, deciding who would design the buildings and landscape, the economy, which was on the verge of collapsing during this period, and the power struggle between the National Committee for the Exposition and the Exposition Company.Everything was al directions behind schedule or at least appeared to but all of the architects from New York, Boston, Chicago and St stepped up to the plate. The workers, even with impending strikes, felt the patriotic spirit and worked harder and faster to finish their job. Burnham and his caboodle got the exposition grounds ready for the Dedication Ceremony, which was about one month before opening day. Things still needed to be completed, but it was fastr to universe done than anyone had pass judgment.On Opening Day, things still needed to be accomplished but in general the fair had been completed. The Ferris wheel, Americas response to the Eiffel Tower, opened 51 old age late, but from the day of its first rotation, people were enamored with the wheel. The landscape was not entirely done but it went on to be completed within the abutting couple of weeks. The maintenance of the wheel continued for the full six months that the fair was open. With many people out of work, this provided jobs for lots of poor fam ilies for a while.The World Fair Exposition was great because not only did it beautify Chicago but it also told the world that there is nothing American people could not do when they put their minds to it. As one critic said, It was a common remark among visitors who saw the Fair for the first time that nothing they had read or seen picture had given them an idea of it, or prepared them for what they saw (Larson 255). The Fair ended up by being far impressive and more influential than anyone had ever imagined.The downside of this success is that this was a celebration of white America, the majority of the population, not all of America. Frederick Douglass fought for the chance to present the progress African-Americans had made since the end of slavery but they, the owners, cute only to exhibit the Negro as a repulsive savage and nothing else. As Douglass once said, America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. There were no blacks in the Exposition at all.The World Fair had a Colored Peoples Day during which ingrained Americans would be half-naked and equipped with arrows to portray them as a lesser class as the whites. With its glory, the World Fair Exposition brought with it racism. It was ruled by the politics of rage. If the blacks had been represented, one could say that the Civil Rights movement would have happened a lot earlier than the 1960s because many people would have seen their progress since slavery and the blacks would have demanded to be case-hardened as equals.There was also an issue of gender even before the Fair had started. During the building of the World Fair, women were not included as workers at all. They were expected to full stop at home to take care of the kids and have dinner on the table when their husbands returned from work. They were treated as if all they could do was to stay at home and were incapable of bringing money in the family or take care of it financiall y. Another major setback was the separation of the social class. Only the fastness class white men were allowed to show off what they had and everyone else was limited.Whites were portrayed as rich, powerful, and fearless during the parade while the lower and inferior class, such as African-Americans and Native Americans, were being restricted to take snap off of the white city. At the end of the Exposition Grounds, on the corner of Wallace and 63rd Streets, H. H. Holmes started making his plans. He had started his criminal life with policy fraud, but found the killing part to be the most fun and exciting. He built his castle to feed his obsession, and once he discovered that the Exposition was coming to Chicago, it made his castle much more important.People, mainly women, would come to him for employment and after he gave them a job, he made sure it was their end job by killing them and selling their corpses to colleges to make money. His castle allowed him to commit murder at h is leisure without anyone knowing about it. Before the Exposition opened, Holmes had already begun his killings. He used his charms and his intelligence to lure women into thinking that he was an ordinary man. He seduced women his looks and then killed them and their children. He continued this hobby until just before the close of the Exposition.It was said that he killed approximately 200 men, women and children however, the courts could only prove nine actual killings due to the fact that only small bone fragments remained in the three-story sign castle and the bones that were recovered from his torturous rampage could not be used to identify who the dead people due to the lack of technology. H. H. Holmes had been incarcerated on amends fraud charges when the Pinkerton Detective Agency started probing into the disappearance of his best friend, whom he had killed so he could collect the life insurance.Battle tested, the Agency ended up by catching up with Holmes. By then a lot of people were missing or dead but it should not have been this way because he could have caught earlier but H. H. Holmes moved faster than society and society was not ready for him. The time he lived in aided him tremendously. A train trip took a couple of weeks to reach their destinations so it was not natural not to here from a relative for a long time and this made it impossible for one to know if the person was actually missing.Most of his victims were women because once they arrived in Chicago for the World Fair they had no idea where to stay so they stayed at the Castle. As H. H. Holmes said, I was born with the Devil in me. I could not help the fact that I was a murderer, no more than the poet can help the inspiration to sing (Larson 109) Based on this quote, one would say that Holmes did not require a motive to do what he took part in because he was already a sociopath who waited for the perfect time to strike and based his entirely life around murders and making money by sel ling corpses. H. H.Holmes affected more peoples lives during the Fair than the actual World Fair itself because he was not like Jack the Ripper He was a cold-blooded murderer and sociopath that lived just a few blocks down the road. He inserting fear in the heart of every woman in Chicago and forced Detective Agencies to catch up with him by inventing the mug shot. One would agree with his statement because during this gruesome period, Holmes did not show any emotions for anyone that he took a life from. It seems as if he never had a goal in life so once he had this mind-blowing idea, he stuck to it and exiled himself from humanity.The fact that he also went to college and finished medical school proves that this man is more than capable of being smart but all he knew how to do was to be a Devil. Throughout The Devil in the White City, Larson does a great job by telling us that one cannot choose what he wants and avoid or disregard the rest because it will catch up sooner or later. To a certain point, Larson is emphasizing that H. H. Holmes would have never been so successful with all his killings if the World Fair Exposition had not taken place.He certainly would have had fewer victims and could have definitely been caught earlier. America, presumably Chicago, wanted to outdo Paris and thought that things such as the gruesome murders that were happening in London would never reach their home towns. At the end, America did better at both ends because they did a lot better than the Paris Exposition and they also inherited H. H. Holmes, Americas first serial killer. This book was very gripping and many of the things were quite surprising and unbelievable to say the least.It maintained a perfect balance of the World Fair Exposition and the introduction of Americas first serial killer. I would definitely urge others to pick this up and ready themselves for a train ride because it keeps you on the edge and envelops you with the endless details. REFERENCES Larson, Erik. The Devil in the White City Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America. New York Crown, 2003. Borowski, John. H. H. Holmes Americas First Serial Killer The Castle, the Murders, the Monster. Film Festival 2004.

The Benefits Of Marijuana Legalization

The Benefits Of Marijuana LegalizationThe economical street corner that began around January 2008 has taking its toll on some(prenominal) fronts. The recession has affected the U.S. labor markets as seen in the rapidly rising unemployment and underemployment issues. U.S. jobs have declined by over 5 one million million million over the past 12 months and the unemployment stray has risen to over 9%. The recession has also ca employmentd a steep decline in order tax revenues. As a result states be beginning to see very full-grown bud matures deficits. States atomic number 18 struggling to find other ways to shore up the loss in revenue that is involve to support public services. atomic number 20, the Golden State has reported a $20 billion budget deficit. The state is currently spending $400 to $ 600 million more than a month that they atomic number 18 collecting in revenues. As the reality of the deficit becomes apparent to the leaders of calcium, the governor has asked f or solutions to their problems. What you can expect generally is no taxes and awful cuts, absolutely terrible cuts, said Governor Schwarzenegger to press secretary Aaron McLear. Were non going to get through the deficit we have without making slightly really tough decisions. (www.sacbee.com)House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a San Francisco Democrat, and the states two Democratic U.S. senators have said new federal aid was unlikely, institutionalisen that California has already received billions of dollars from the stimulus package.The federal government is not responsible for the state of Californias budget, and we look forward to hearing a sustainable plan for the state to get its house in order, a spokesman for Ms. Pelosi said after the budget was released Friday May 14, 2010. (www.wstj.com)While the state administration hands ways to reduce the large deficit integrity solution has been mentioned, the legitimation of ganja. It has been estimated that a legal market for hemp cou ld yield revenue of $1.5 to $2.5 billion a year. Total retail sales would result in a total economic impact of $8 to $13 billion a year. The state would also save over $160 million a year in law enforcement cost for arrests, prosecutions, and imprisonment. Additional benefits would arise from more sales taxes from spinoff markets such as smokehouses, industrial hemp facilities and larger amounts of tourism. (www.canorml.org)Over 1.6 million Californians have smoked marijuana within the past 30 days, according to the most recent National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, which set in motion 5.6% of all Americans over the age of 12 are current marijuana users. According to the survey, one-third of this population, or 530,000 Californians are daily users. Taking this survey into consideration, the California administration conceives there will be sufficient demand for this product. (www.canorml.org)California has now added the Tax Cannabis Act to its November ballot which will be to permit the cultivation, possession, and volunteer(a) use of marijuana. So why not legalize marijuana? on that point are several object lesson arguments that need to be considered rights, justice, utilitarianism, caring, virtue and Christianity forward any decisions can be do.RightsMarijuana was banned by The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 in the U.S. in 1937after 162 years of use. In 1937 Anslinger testified before copulation in favor of Marijuana Prohibition by saying Marijuana is the most violence causing drug in the history of mankind. Most marijuana smokers are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos and entertainers. Their Satanic music, jazz and swing, result from marijuana usage. Marijuana causes white women to seek sexual relations with Negroes. (www.hempcar.org) Many supporters of legalization of marijuana believe that the barrier laws were passed based on discrimination and lies therefore violating human rights.In general, a right is an soulfulness entitlement to some amour. (pg 73, Velasquez) Rights are a powerful device according to Velasquez, when they are used to enable the individual to choose freely whether to pursue certain activities and to protect those choices. (pg 74) Prohibition will work great injury to the cause of temperance. It is a species of intemperance within itself, for it goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a mans appetite by legislation, and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes. A Prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded. Abraham Lincoln (1809-65), U.S. President stated during a speech on the eighteenth of December 1840, to Illinois House of Representatives. Allowing the government to control what individuals freely choose to do when they pose no threat to their community than they are letting the government thwart their basic constitutional rights.JusticeThe production, distri scarcelyion, and use of marijuana is a criminal offense under the C ontrolled Drugs and Substance Act. Retributive justice refers to the just imposition of penalty and penalties on those who do wrong. (pg88, Velasquez) In 2007, police in Californian made over 60,000 felony and misdemeanor arrests of individuals possessing marijuana. If charged with possession of marijuana it will carry large penalties for offenders in the United States. The first offence could be a fine of $500 or up to 20 years imprisonment for third or more offences.These arrests render permanent criminal records that could disqualify individuals for schooling, student loans, housing and most importantly jobs. The cost of law enforcement of the marijuana laws in California brook to the economic problem by over $150 million per year. (pg 97) So the moral question is Does the crime fit the punishment? How fair is this action? These questions of apportionable justice arise when different people put forth conflicting claims on societys benefits and burdens. (pg 88)UtilitarianismTh ere are no arguments that there are a several side effects that come from roll of tobacco marijuana. The advocates for marijuana use believe the only side effect is it elevates the feeling of happiness. Jeremy Bentham states that, the theory which accepts as the fundamentals of morals, utility-grade or the greatest happiness principle, holds that ones actions are right if those actions promote happiness and wrong if they produce negative effects. The happiness is in bleeded to produce pleasure and not pain. (pg 62) This ethical theory insists that the desire for happiness motivates human conduct.Taking into consideration the utilitarian calculations, by using marijuana in the privacy of the individuals home serves to add-on their pleasure or greatest happiness principle. The government, therefore, has no right to prohibit what is ethically justifiable conduct. On the other hand for those individuals who argue against legalizing of marijuana believe that the use is wrong because ma rijuana destroys brain cells and could also be a gateway drug to more lethal drugs and narcotics. These advocates have successfully enacted prohibition laws censor the use of marijuana. Utilitarians stress, however, these advocates are acting unethically because they are decreasing the greatest happiness principle covered in the shield of upholding what is an essentially contested conceit (pg 60), namely, the common good.Utilitarianism is also the basis of the techniques of economic cost-benefits analysis. This type of analysis is used to determine whether its present and future economic benefits outweigh its present and future costs. (pg 63) The California administration believes that by legalizing marijuana they can tax it which will help eliminates the states budget deficit problems. This will also eliminate the $150 million dollars that are spent each year by enforcing the ban on marijuana.CaringDrugs that are deemed politically, socially, medically, or religiously unfit for r ecreational use are oftentimes banned. Ethic reasoning based on caring sees our communities and communal relationships as a fundamental value that should be preserved and maintained. (pg 103) The position on the legalization of marijuana is different for each individual. Those positions range from blanket prohibition to permitting use in small doses.Advocates believe that legalizing the drug would be a good thing because it forces manufactures to meet regulation guidelines just like the manufactures of cigarettes and alcoholic beverages. Currently legal drugs must have ingredients lists, warning labels and purity levels clearly stated on the containers. By providing a legal supply chain of the currently illegal drug the prices will fall which would theoretically lead to the collapse of the current illegal drug industry and also lead to a reduction in crimes committed by those illegal organizations. They also argue that there will be no change in the amount of demand for marijuana d ue to the inelasticity of the demand.On the other side of the argument, advocates believe the state should not be involved in the distribution of substances that are considered unhealthy. They believe it is the states job to protect each citizens health and not contribute to exposing them to risky items. These advocates truly care for their communities by exhibiting the virtues of concern and love. (pg 103) These advocates are very concerned that the marijuana use will be dangerous to others beside the user. They are worried that it will contribute to the rise in health costs, create more violence that is always accompanied with drug use and most importantly contribute to the neglect of children that is always seen in drug-addicted parents.VirtueThe debate going on in California over legalization marijuana has been a very controversial issue. It has been debated by both advocating sides of the issue. The advocates for legalizing marijuana argue from Aristotles moral virtue point of view. A person lives according to reason, Aristotle argued, when the person knows and chooses fair(a) middle ground in his actions and desires Moral virtue is a mean among two vices, one of excess and the other of deficiency and it aims a hitting the mean in desires and actions.(pg 110) With respect to consumable goods, temperance the virtue of being reasonable by indulging the desire but not in excess. Marijuana advocates reason that as long as it is used only for recreational purposes and not abused there should be no issues from Aristotle point of view for not legalizing it.The advocates against legalizing marijuana argue from another moral virtue point of view. They argue that economic institutions or governmental administration make people greedy and large bureaucrat organizations make people less responsible. These organizations are morally defective because they tend to create morally defective individuals. (pg 113) These advocates fear that the State of California only con cern is to fix its budget deficit problems at the expense of its citizen well being.ChristianityThe advocates against legalizing marijuana argue that the use of any mind-altering drug is morally and spiritually damaging therefore should be kept out of reach. The book of Galatians 519-21states, The acts of prankish nature are obvious sexual immorality, impurity and debaucherydrunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not acquire the kingdom of heaven. Keeping this scripture in mind, by participating in these deeds of the flesh will excluded one from the kingdom of heaven. This scripture also proves that smoking marijuana would not be a good Christian activity one would want to participate in. The bible predicted that people would want to participate in bad behavior in a letter the apostle Paul wrote to Timothy in 2 Timothy 31-5 which states, There will be terrible times in the last days. People will be lovers of themselves, l overs of moneywithout love, self control, not lovers of goodlovers of pleasure, rather than lovers of God-having a form of godliness but denying its power. Have nothing to do with them. The argument is made that people will be lovers of the pleasures in life rather than lovers of God. The final argument is how can an individual focus on doing good works if their minds are clouded with marijuana smoke.On the side of the debate advocates for legalizing marijuana argue that the current laws are an aggression of individual rights to make their own moral decisions concerning what they do in their own homes. Prohibition is allowing the government to make moral decisions for individuals and not allowing ones to be morally responsible for their own actions. The scriptures do talk about keeping church and state separate in Luke 2025 which states, He said to them, Then give to Caesar what is Caesars and to God what is Gods. Jesus also talked about this separating in John 1519, If you pop o ff to the world, it will love you as its own. As it is, you do not belong to the world, but I have chosen you. It is also argued that although marijuana is not directly mentioned in the bible it does talk about how God gave humans plants and herbs to use for food. Then God said, I give you every herb bearing seed plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has ingathering with seed in it .They will be yours for food. (Genesis 129)The legalization of marijuana appears to have a lot of support in California. Activists believe that taxing marijuana production and sales would bail out the cash-strapped state. The point has been made that prohibition law has been a big disaster because it has wasted billions of dollars in law enforcement resources and made criminals out of normally law bidding citizens. There are on the other hand still a lot of activists that oppose decrimalizing marijuana. They argue that with recreational marijuana use comes impaired driving, crashes and injuries to innocent parties. Critics also worry social costs far outweigh the revenue it will bring in to the state. There are several measures that need to be met in order to grow support. First sales should not be outright legalized but regulated. Next the state would need to create laws to manage the production, distribution, and sales of marijuana. Finally marijuana should be managed and controlled using the guidelines the alcohol and tobacco industries follow.

Procedure Oriented Programming

Procedure Oriented ProgrammingSubmitted by Gagandeep Singh BrarProcedure oriented programing is a set of functions. In this program Clanguage is used. To perform any particular task, set of function atomic number 18 compulsory. For example , a program may collect salt away data from user, performing some kind of calculation on that data and make the data on screen when is requested. Calculating, reading or printing can be written in a program with the help of different functions on different tasks.POP method also emphases the functions or the subroutines. mental synthesis of POP methodHere is some problems in POP method like its difficult to handling data because it gives no importance to data. Dat message the information that are collected from user and after calculation new result come. If any unrivaled is familiar with C programming than he may recollect storage classes in C. In C, data member is declared GLOBAL in order to make 2 or more functions in the program. What ha ppen when 2 or functions on the same data member. For example, when if there are 7 functions in a program and this become a world(a) data member. Unfortunately, if the value of any global data member or that may key element than it will affect the whole program. It is a plumping problem to identify that which function is causing the problem.Handling of data functions in POPOne of the most important feature of C language is structure. programmer use integer data, decimal point data(float), array data pack together into single entity by using structure. The reason of the popularity of structure was introduced first by c language.Object Oriented ProgrammingAn OOP method differs from POP in its basal approach itself. All the best features of structured of OOP is developed by retaining the programming method, in which they have summateed number of concepts which makes efficient programming. Object oriented programming methods have number of features and it makes possible an entirel y new way of approaching a program. We have to mind first that OOP retains all best features of POP method like functions/sub routines, structure etc.1) The first feature that any programmer would talk about OOP is data hiding facility. Programmer can hide the important core data from external world by using OOP method. The basic concept of OOP revolves around a feature similar to structure in POP, named as class in OOP.. Data members can be declared as private or public inside a class. Programmer have to note that a class is really similar to structure in C. collectable to same structure, a class packs together different things into a single entity.2) Another important feature of OOP is code reusability. The simple means of code reusability is adept that the code is written earlier in program or read or used it later. This is made possible by a feature of classes named inheritance. By using inheritance, one class can acquire the properties of another class. Let i will try to expl ain this using an example. Take the example of a School Management System and management decided to make software based on the data of students only. The programmer made the software and deciding to collecting personal details like Name, Age, Sex, Address etc. After one year school management decides to incorporate data of teachers to the software. The programmer can add this extension within a small time as he can reuse many of the codes he had written earlier by make use of inheritance. The class personal details is of general nature (Age, Sex etc are same for every person irrespective of student/teacher). ( CircuitsToday, 2015)C codes intromitinclude //1FILE *fpgagan //the actual students fileFILE *fp1gagan //temporary file struct st_record int id char fname20 char lname20 char class_name20 char address40 char phone12 char email20 struct st_record s1 debar main() menu()menu() int choice printf(nPress 1 to create a new record) printf(nPress 2 to edit an existing record) printf( nPress 3 to search records) printf(nPress 4 to delete a record) printf(nPress 5 to exhale this pprogram n) scanf(%d, choice) if(choice == 1) create_fn() else if(choice == 2) edit_fn() else if(choice == 3) search_fn() else if(choice == 4) delete_fn() else if(choice == 5) exit_fn() else printf(nPlease enter the correct choice) menu() create_fn() printf(nStudent ID ) scanf(%d, s1.id) printf(nFirst name ) scanf(%s, s1.fname) printf(nLast name ) scanf(%s, s1.lname) printf(nClass name ) scanf(%s, s1.class_name) printf(nAddress ) scanf(%s, s1.address) printf(nPhone ) scanf(%s, s1.phone) printf(nEmail ) scanf(%s, s1.email) fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,a+) //3 fprintf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) //4 fclose(fpgagan) menu()edit_fn() printf(nThis is the edit function) int id1, be make up = 0 printf(nPlease enter the Student ID ) scanf(%d, id1) if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL) printf(Empty) else fp1gagan =fopen(students1.txt,a+) while(feof(fpgagan) found==0) fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) if(s1.id==id1) found=1 printf(nStudent record found.) printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) printf(nEnter the new details now) printf(nStudent ID ) scanf(%d, s1.id) printf(nFirst name ) scanf(%s, s1.fname) printf(nLast name ) scanf(%s, s1.lname) printf(nClass name ) scanf(%s, s1.class_name) printf(nAddress ) scanf(%s, s1.address) printf(nPhone ) scanf(%s, s1.phone) printf(nEmail ) scanf(%s, s1.email) fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) continue else fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) fclose(fpgagan) fclose(fp1gagan) remove(students.txt) rename(students1.txt,students.txt) if(found=1) printf(Not found) getch() menu()sear ch_fn() int id1,found found = 0 printf(nPlease enter the Student ID ) scanf(%d, id1) if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL) printf(Empty) else while(feof(fpgagan) found==0) fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) if(s1.id==id1) found=1 if(found==1) printf(nStudent record found.) printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) else printf(Not found) getch() menu()delete_fn() printf(nThis is the delete function) int id1,found found = 0 printf(nPlease enter the Student ID ) scanf(%d, id1) if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL) printf(Empty) else fp1gagan=fopen(students1.txt,a+) while(feof(fpgagan) found==0) fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) if(s1.id==id1) found=1 printf(nStudent record found.) printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.e mail) printf(nRecord deleted) continue else fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) fclose(fpgagan) fclose(fp1gagan) remove(students.txt) rename(students1.txt,students.txt) if(found=1) printf(Not found) getch() menu()exit_fn() printf(nThis is the exit function)Here we are recording three students recordIn this screen short we are able to see the record of the studentsIn this screen shot we try to modify the recordHere we can see the change in the record.Here we try to delete the recordAnd in this screen shot only one record is leftCircuitsToday. (2015). Retrieved from Difference between Procedure Oriented(POP) and Object Oriented Programming(OOP) http//www.circuitstoday.com/difference-between-procedure-oriented-and-object-oriented-programming

Impact of e-commerce

electric shock of e-commerceE-commerce is the process of managing online financial proceeding by individuals and companies. This implys business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-government (B2G) transactions. The direction of e-commerce is on the systems and procedures whereby financial documents and information of all types are exchanged. This includes online credit card transactions, e-cash, e-billing, e-cheques, electronic in theatrical roles, purchase order and financial statements. E-commerce is particularly concerned with the technologies that enable EDI-type functionality on the lucre.To be done an internationally agreed holding definition of e-commerce it was accepted the need for three dimensions to be spelt out as part of the definition process. These dimensions bushel to the Networks over which the relevant activities are carried out Processes that ought to be included within the general domain of electronic commerce and Actors involved in the transactions.Networks are stipulate through broad and narrow definitions.The broad definition considers an electronic transaction to be the sale or purchase of goods or attend tos, whether between businesses, ho workholds, individuals, Governments, and another(prenominal) worldly concern or private organizations, conducted over computer mediated networks. The goods and services are ordered over those networks, but the salary and the ultimate part withy of the good or service may be conducted on- or offline.The narrow definition considers an Internet transaction to be the sale or purchase of goods or services, whether between businesses, households, individuals, Governments, and other humans or private organizations, conducted over the Internet. The goods and services are ordered over the Internet, but the fee and the ultimate delivery of the good or service may be conducted on-or offline.Concerning the processes that ought to be included some countries want to restrict the definition to the purchasing and selling aspect incorporated in the above definitions, many others want to include other types of business processes, such as marketing and advertising. Developing countries allow also favour a definition that includes business activities that go beyond purchasing and selling, given the restrictions that some of those countries face in conducting online payments.E-commerce is often described as being one of three varieties business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C) or business-to-government (B2G).Much of the participation and the literature has focused on B2B and B2C electronic commerce and most of the statistical indicators have also been in respect of these two forms. About 80 per cent of the total value of electronic commerce in the world today are accounted for by B2B e-commerce. It provides also the greatest potential benefits in terms of productiveness gains. B2C e-commerce has the potential to substantially affect the way in which people live and interact with each other and is therefore a key aspect for statistical measurement. Only a small deed of countries have so far undertaken often work with respect to the measurement of B2G e-commerce.E-commerce today is very much a business-to business affair. Enterprises in developing countries should not let themselves be fooled by the much higher visibility of the business-to-consumer dotcoms. Those enterprises in developing countries that make goods or deliver services that are necessary for the productive process of other enterprises are the ones that should first consider incorporating the Internet (which does not necessary mean the web) as an promoter to enhance their opportunities to complete and grow. Due to the lack of reliable and internationally comparable e-commerce statistics, numerous national statistical offices have started to collect data on e-commerce and, generally, the use of ICT and the Internet. They have the advantage of guaranteein g the confidentiality of the collected data, having a more neutral position when it comes to collecting and interpreting the data and being able to use their existing methodologies and understructure for data collection, processing and analysis. Some countries are already benefiting from the results they are now in a position to benchmark their economies with competitors internationally they are able to make out the number of qualified people needed to advance their countrys information providence or to calculate the amount of investments needed to provide business with entree to the Internet.thither are several(prenominal) classical steps involved in collecting e-commerce-related data.First, a country needs to decide what kind of data it wants to measure, reflecting the level of its e-commerce activity. approximately developing countries would be probably focus on collecting readiness indicators, such as the number of businesses with computers and access to the Internet, and intensity indicators, such as the number of businesses the receive orders over the Internet and the value of those orders. But how does one define these indicators? The member States of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have agreed on the above-named working definition of e-commerce that could be used in the measuring process. The definition includes the network over which e-commerce is carried out (Internet or other), the specific business processes related to e-commerce and the contrasting actors involved (business, households or Governments). On the basis of this definition, a set of priority indicators for e-commerce has been established by a number of international and national bodies.Examining the e-commerce important header is what impact ICT and the Internet have had on the productiveness growth. It reduces transaction costs allocates recourses best(p) increases economies of scale improves the competitiveness of business in general increas es efficiency generates important changes in the management and production processes of business.Acceleration of the growth of productivity is notified but the reason for this is rather controversial. However the UNCTAD secretariat agrees that there are reasons to believe that much of the acceleration of productivity growth is structural and attributable to changes induced by ICT and the Internet, through improvements in all aspects of corporate organization, production, finance, marketing and logistics.Although the speed at which companies in several advanced countries invest in ICT has decreased in the past few months, in the medium term there are several reasons to face that ICT result continue to support rapid productivity growth. First, the cost of computing power is predicted to keep falling at a steep rate for several years. Secondly, most enterprises are still learning how to reorganize themselves in order to benefit fully from the Internet. Finally, in many countries ther e is a lot of sleuthing up to do in the application of ICT to business. As firms in other developed economies and, most importantly, in developing countries engage in e-business, global productivity growth should accelerate.We should have a look at the process of moving from traditional to online payment. Online versions of nearly all-existing payment methods are appearing rapidly. Conventional financial instruments with online analogues include cash, money orders, giro transfer, cheques, drafts, notes and bills of exchange. The existing modes of third-party protection against the risks of non-payment and non-performance, including documentary credit, credit insurance, bonding, factoring and forfeiting, are also rapidly developing their online equivalents. The same applies to wholesale payment systems, including supposed automated clearing house (ACH) networks, wire transfers for large-volume payments and interbank payments networks.Credit and debit cards are principal payments in strument in B2B and B2C e-commerce. The kick the bucket from cards with magnetic strips to refreshed cards with multifunctional chips that include security features is the next Internet-centered stage in the development of the payments cards industry.In parallel, Internet technologies to provide security in online payments have been evolving. appease the most widely accepted standard, is the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), a set of built-in browser protocols designed initially by Netscape to protect card-based financial transactions on the Internet. A more unshakable and complex bank-centered Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) software is being used more and more by online payments providers.In the field of Internet banking ACH debits and credits, as hygienic as domestic and international wire transfers became possible with systems such as the Bank Internet Payment corpse (BIPS). The Society for Worldwide Inter-Bank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) also started its move to th e open Internet platform.Banks and financial services companies in the developing countries will need to adopt online payment systems and practices that will meet their clients new needs arising from a shift to e-commerce. They will need to adopt systems that address the key issue of concern to users, namely security, confidentiality, acknowledgment of sellers and buyers, verification of buyers solvency guarantee of delivery.To obtain e-trade finance and equity investment, companies from developing countries need to be registered in local, regional and global Internet-based commercial risk database. For that, company registries, public courts, accountancy and audit, and other business-related services should undergo substantial enhancements. Non-bank financial services such as credit information, credit insurance, factoring and leasing should develop. Local banks should adapt to e-banking and move online their customer credit risk databases, and their individual and corporate custo mer payment services and financing, including trade finance instruments.Tourism and its Internet incarnation, often called e touristry, is regularly cited as one of the fastest growing e-commerce sectors.Considering the importance of the tourism economy for Bulgaria and many other developing countries, and in particular its role as an employer and earner of irrelevant currency, the need to maintain and increase competitiveness through adopting e-commerce best practice is acute.The main actors in the tourism industry include Governments, tour operators, distributors and wholesalers, hotels, airlines and other expect operators, and most important of all, the tourists themselves. Each of these actors has a stake in the development of the electronic market and will be affected in different slipway by electronic commerce.Tourism is an interesting sector for appreciating the potential of electronic commerce for the economies of developing countries in several respects. Tourism is a sec tor in which a signifi coffin nailt number of developing countries have established competitive advantages over the years and it has remained largely a traditional service activity in which, until recently, buyers, sellers and intermediaries were well defined.Tourism producers and destination organizations in developing countries that adopt the Internet and e-commerce best practice have a chance to improve their competitiveness by producing better products, with greater tailoring to clients, more efficiently, faster to market with less waste and fewer inputs, and at better sets.Infomediaries in developing countries should develop their e-business outline having in mind the technical capacities of their national or regional tourism producers for using Internet technologies. Solutions must be appropriate for both consumers and producers.The fundamental take exception is to take the traditional tourism product, delineate its information from its physical components, and selectively manage them using Internet and e-commerce technologies.The winner in the competitive etourism game will be the company that inspires consumer confidence, through quality data and physical product performance, and is able to offer a comprehensive yet tailor-made product.While Internet and e-commerce technologies offer unprecedented possibilities for interactivity and dialogue, traditional surveying and gauging tools estimating customer preferences and satisfaction are still very relevant. Footwork and face-to-face interviewing may be a necessary get-go point for building a B2B network or business web. Market research, whatever the technology or even without technology, is a hugely important activity.A fundamental factor for success is to speak the language of the prospective customers. A successful etourism strategy must assess the linguistic origins of its major client groups and iterate Internet content in their languages. Understanding their Internet habits and ways of learning , openness to on-line dialogue and attitudes towards privacy, as well as the underlying legal system.Online payment facilities for sell clients using credit cards are an absolutely fundamental business toll that must be made available to the national tourism sector. Destination marketing organizations (DMOs), be they government bodies or business associations, can favourably contribute to modernizing the tourism industries of developing countries. DMOs can provide a voice to the fragmented industry producers in promoting their requests to the financial authorities and banks to provide them with online payment. When online payment is in place DMOs may, on behalf of the entire tourism industry, negotiate with domestic banks better terms and conditions for online payment than particular tourism companies would manage on their own. DMOs may be instrumental in informing their tourism industry about secure transactions and risk management techniques.Most of the above actions cannot be im plemented without empowering and enabling people to take advantage of new Internet and e-commerce technologies.E-commerce and Internet technology can improve communication and can make doing business easier. The ability of people at both ends of the message or transaction to use these technologies is a precondition for their wide adoption and impact.In conclusion, it is expected that in the few years the productivity gap between the European countries and the United States (leader in e-commerce activities) will close rapidly as European productivity growth increases faster than that of the United States. This process is known as convergence in productivity. Convergence in productivity takes place when the countries that lag behind the technological frontier grow more rapidly in productivity than the leading countries.The same could be neat for developing countries, with a reasonable degree of readiness. The impact of e-commerce on developing countries could be even stronger than th at on developed countries because the scope for reducing inefficiencies and increasing productivity is much larger in the developing countries.To summarize, by cutting costs, increasing efficiency and reducing time and distance, e-commerce could become an important tool for development.Impact of E-CommerceImpact of E-CommerceJay KybertAs the retail industry develops, more services are introduced to entice customers to use their computer storages. There are varieties of services that are being used by companies to attract attention and make it easier for customers to use their websites, in the hope of increased revenue. Services like Next-Day Delivery tempt customers to purchase their item sooner, since it will arrive the following day. This makes increased profits for the company by charging for the service. These services essentially persuade the customer to buy the product at a higher price but with (usually) a faster delivery, tracked item, etc.Since E-Commerce is becoming incr easingly popular, traditional retail businesses are losing money since fewer customers shop in stores. big companies have the resources and money to create optimised websites that allow their customers to shop on the internet. This leads to a negative economic impact for smaller businesses but, as an entire society, a richer economy as there are new ways to shop. Also, socially, fewer people will be shop in stores. This could lead to retail shops closing from a lack of revenue, especially in smaller businesses that cannot support themselves with a lack of funds.Bricks and Clicks is a new approach to commerce in its entirety. The name Bricks and Clicks refers to physical retail stores (Bricks) and online obtain (Clicks). As E-Commerce grew in popularity, businesses realised they can make a greater profit from online shopping this is called Bricks and Clicks because they have both physical stores as well as an online store. There are benefits and drawbacks to both approaches (Physic al vs Digital), but having both increases the range of the potential audience. This is because physical stores may attract people who are simply base on balls past the shop or people who are regular customers. Having a digital store on top of this targets (potentially) every person with an internet connection. Companies can increase traffic to their website by advertisements on popular websites, directly increasing awareness of the brand.One of the main benefits for customers using E-Commerce is the availability. Physically shopping considers going to the nigh shopping centre, looking for the specific shop and finding the wanted item within it. Online shopping provides an easy alternative available whenever. Being able to access the website whenever (unless it is down for maintenance) makes it easier for anyone wanting to buy a specific item, as they dont have to consider the closing time for the shop. In addition, people who have unusual work hours at their job may struggle with physical stores as they close in the evening. Therefore, having the option to buy from a store whenever using the internet provides an easier alternative.Online shopping isnt perfect there are problems with the financial side, especially whether companies can be trusted. After a customer enters their information (Name, address, credit/debit card, etc.) the company has a responsibility to protect that information from unauthorised sources, the most special K being hackers. There is always the possibility, and it has occurred, that major corporations have been hacked and their customers information has been released to the public or sold. However, as hacking becomes increasingly common, internet security is improved to prevent it. Internet shoppers shouldnt just worry about the website being untrustworthy, malware and other viruses could steal the information from the computer, the most common being a Keylogger. As the name suggests, it is either a physical hardware component install ed into the computer or a program that logs all of the keystrokes on the computer. This is one way that information can be stolen not directly from the website.E-Commerce has, and will continue, to have an effect on employment. If people start to only shop online, store workers may lose their jobs because of financial difficulties. However, delivery services will have to hire more employees to keep up with the demand of online shopping. In addition, since companies require websites for online shopping, website developers, network administrators and a variety of server-related jobs are needed. Therefore, people working in retail stores may lose their jobs if people continue to isolate themselves from physical shopping and choose online shopping. However, more job opportunities open up relating to technology.The social divide is becoming more important as technology progresses. People with little income focus on essentials before purchasing luxuries. Therefore, it would be difficult f or people with little income to purchase a computer or another electronic device resourceful of online shopping. However, since the majority of people can permit, and use their electronic devices for shopping, companies target these people since they make up the majority. This affects the companys decisions, for instance, they may begin to close down retail stores and quite focus on E-Commerce. This doesnt affect people who have enough disposable income to purchases these devices, but it does affect people with little income. This leads to these people struggling to shop, since they cant afford the platform needed for online shopping. Therefore, leading to a social divide between people with little disposable income and people with greater disposable income.

Howard Taft :: essays research papers

William Howard Taft (27th President of the United States)Born1857, in Cincinnati, Ohio.Family backgroundthe son of Alphonso and Louisa Torrey Taft. Both parents were descendants of old and strong New England families of British origin. His father, a native of Vermont and the son of a judge, had moved to Cincinnati in 1837 to practice law. His mother came to Ohio from Massachusetts years later as Alphonsos wink wife. In time there were six children, including William, his two brothers, his sister, and his two half brothers by his fathers first marriage.EducationTaft received his early education at local anesthetic public schools. Even-tempered and intelligent, he had little difficulty in meeting his parents exacting standards. In 1874 he entered Yale College (now Yale University), where he was both successful and popular. When he gradational in 1878, he ranked second in his class. After Yale he went home to attend the Cincinnati Law School. He graduated in 1880 and passed the Ohio bar examinations the alike year.Marriage and ChildrenIn 1885 Taft returned to public service as assistant county solicitor in Hamilton County. The following year he married Helen Herron, whom he called Nellie, the daughter of a well-known Cincinnati lawyer. The couple had three children, Helen, Charles Phelps, and Robert Alphonso Taft.Career1890-1892 Served as U.S. solicitor general.1892-1900 Served as U.S. federal circuit court judge.1901 Served as governor general of the Philippines.1904-1908 Served as depository of war under William Mckinley.1909-1913 President of the United States.1921-1931 Served as chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.AchievementsEnforced the Sherman Antitrust Act, overseeing the filing of 67 antitrust suits. Increased the advocator of the interstate commerce commission in 1910 by placing communication companies under its control. He signed the publicity act in 1910 requiring political parties to disclose the measuring stick and sources of federal elect ion campaign funds. He divided the department of commerce and labor into two departments in 1913. He encouraged ?dollar diplomacy? persuading U.

The Legalization of Concealed Weapons for Self Protection :: essays papers

The Legalization of Concealed Weapons for Self ProtectionThe legalization of concealed weapons for the purpose of self protection has and allow for decrease the number of gun cogitate crimes. Guns were not invented for the purposeof robbing a bank, or mugging someone in a dark alley. Guns were not invented bycriminals or by people flavor for a way to murder or intimidate. The invention of thegun was directed at making hunting easier and last was used in war to moderate ourcountry. The first guns, or mortars were croupnons. These weapons were used to wardcities in the early 1400s. The French were the first to use cannons in vigorous warfare. And in recent wars guns have provided the artillary to defend inocent countries againstterrorist. What is so wrong with self defense?If someone has the intent to murder, mug, or rape an innocent person, gun laws willing not stop that person. The only subject that a gun law does is to take away the correctly of good citizens like us to protect ourselves from these criminals. We can not go back in time and not invent the gun. We will never get rid of them all, so as long as guns exist, criminals will obtain them easier and faster than the norm citizen has ever been able to.A woman who thought she was alone in her Jacona, New Mexico, home and hadjust emerged from the consume when she heard the sounds of someone ransacking theresidence. The quick-thinking occupier retreated to the bedroom but was soon confrontedby a stocky male intruder who had violently kicked win the locked door. Thats whenthe intended victim pointed a handgun at the man, sending him fleeing The woman in thisstory and others like her are the types of people who cherish the right to bare arms.One year after Australian gun owners were forced to surrender 640,381 personalfirearms to be destroyed, including semi-automatic .22 rifles and shotguns, a programcosting the g everyplacenment over 500 million dollars. The results are little than expected. Adramatic increase in criminal activity involving firearms has been experienced by thecitizens of Australia. Just after twelve months of the new gun laws, Australia-widehomicides are up 3.2%, assaults are up 8.6%, and armed robberies are up 44% In thestate of Victoria, homicides with firearms are up three hundred% Figures over the past 25 long timeThe Legalization of Concealed Weapons for Self Protection essays papersThe Legalization of Concealed Weapons for Self ProtectionThe legalization of concealed weapons for the purpose of self protection has andwill decrease the number of gun related crimes. Guns were not invented for the purposeof robbing a bank, or mugging someone in a dark alley. Guns were not invented bycriminals or by people looking for a way to murder or intimidate. The invention of thegun was directed at making hunting easier and eventually was used in war to defend ourcountry. The first guns, or mortars were cannons. These weapons were used to d efendcities in the early 1400s. The French were the first to use cannons in mobile warfare. And in recent wars guns have provided the artillary to defend inocent countries againstterrorist. What is so wrong with self defense?If someone has the intent to murder, mug, or rape an innocent person, gun lawswill not stop that person. The only thing that a gun law does is to take away the right of good citizens like us to protect ourselves from these criminals. We can not go back in time and not invent the gun. We will never get rid of them all, so as long as guns exist, criminals will obtain them easier and faster than the average citizen has ever been able to.A woman who thought she was alone in her Jacona, New Mexico, home and hadjust emerged from the shower when she heard the sounds of someone ransacking theresidence. The quick-thinking resident retreated to the bedroom but was soon confrontedby a stocky male intruder who had violently kicked down the locked door. Thats whenthe intended victim pointed a handgun at the man, sending him fleeing The woman in thisstory and others like her are the types of people who cherish the right to bare arms.One year after Australian gun owners were forced to surrender 640,381 personalfirearms to be destroyed, including semi-automatic .22 rifles and shotguns, a programcosting the government over 500 million dollars. The results are less than expected. Adramatic increase in criminal activity involving firearms has been experienced by thecitizens of Australia. Just after twelve months of the new gun laws, Australia-widehomicides are up 3.2%, assaults are up 8.6%, and armed robberies are up 44% In thestate of Victoria, homicides with firearms are up 300% Figures over the past 25 years