Procedure Oriented Programming

Procedure Oriented ProgrammingSubmitted by Gagandeep Singh BrarProcedure oriented programing is a set of functions. In this program Clanguage is used. To perform any particular task, set of function atomic number 18 compulsory. For example , a program may collect salt away data from user, performing some kind of calculation on that data and make the data on screen when is requested. Calculating, reading or printing can be written in a program with the help of different functions on different tasks.POP method also emphases the functions or the subroutines. mental synthesis of POP methodHere is some problems in POP method like its difficult to handling data because it gives no importance to data. Dat message the information that are collected from user and after calculation new result come. If any unrivaled is familiar with C programming than he may recollect storage classes in C. In C, data member is declared GLOBAL in order to make 2 or more functions in the program. What ha ppen when 2 or functions on the same data member. For example, when if there are 7 functions in a program and this become a world(a) data member. Unfortunately, if the value of any global data member or that may key element than it will affect the whole program. It is a plumping problem to identify that which function is causing the problem.Handling of data functions in POPOne of the most important feature of C language is structure. programmer use integer data, decimal point data(float), array data pack together into single entity by using structure. The reason of the popularity of structure was introduced first by c language.Object Oriented ProgrammingAn OOP method differs from POP in its basal approach itself. All the best features of structured of OOP is developed by retaining the programming method, in which they have summateed number of concepts which makes efficient programming. Object oriented programming methods have number of features and it makes possible an entirel y new way of approaching a program. We have to mind first that OOP retains all best features of POP method like functions/sub routines, structure etc.1) The first feature that any programmer would talk about OOP is data hiding facility. Programmer can hide the important core data from external world by using OOP method. The basic concept of OOP revolves around a feature similar to structure in POP, named as class in OOP.. Data members can be declared as private or public inside a class. Programmer have to note that a class is really similar to structure in C. collectable to same structure, a class packs together different things into a single entity.2) Another important feature of OOP is code reusability. The simple means of code reusability is adept that the code is written earlier in program or read or used it later. This is made possible by a feature of classes named inheritance. By using inheritance, one class can acquire the properties of another class. Let i will try to expl ain this using an example. Take the example of a School Management System and management decided to make software based on the data of students only. The programmer made the software and deciding to collecting personal details like Name, Age, Sex, Address etc. After one year school management decides to incorporate data of teachers to the software. The programmer can add this extension within a small time as he can reuse many of the codes he had written earlier by make use of inheritance. The class personal details is of general nature (Age, Sex etc are same for every person irrespective of student/teacher). ( CircuitsToday, 2015)C codes intromitinclude //1FILE *fpgagan //the actual students fileFILE *fp1gagan //temporary file struct st_record int id char fname20 char lname20 char class_name20 char address40 char phone12 char email20 struct st_record s1 debar main() menu()menu() int choice printf(nPress 1 to create a new record) printf(nPress 2 to edit an existing record) printf( nPress 3 to search records) printf(nPress 4 to delete a record) printf(nPress 5 to exhale this pprogram n) scanf(%d, choice) if(choice == 1) create_fn() else if(choice == 2) edit_fn() else if(choice == 3) search_fn() else if(choice == 4) delete_fn() else if(choice == 5) exit_fn() else printf(nPlease enter the correct choice) menu() create_fn() printf(nStudent ID ) scanf(%d, s1.id) printf(nFirst name ) scanf(%s, s1.fname) printf(nLast name ) scanf(%s, s1.lname) printf(nClass name ) scanf(%s, s1.class_name) printf(nAddress ) scanf(%s, s1.address) printf(nPhone ) scanf(%s, s1.phone) printf(nEmail ) scanf(%s, s1.email) fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,a+) //3 fprintf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) //4 fclose(fpgagan) menu()edit_fn() printf(nThis is the edit function) int id1, be make up = 0 printf(nPlease enter the Student ID ) scanf(%d, id1) if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL) printf(Empty) else fp1gagan =fopen(students1.txt,a+) while(feof(fpgagan) found==0) fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) if(s1.id==id1) found=1 printf(nStudent record found.) printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) printf(nEnter the new details now) printf(nStudent ID ) scanf(%d, s1.id) printf(nFirst name ) scanf(%s, s1.fname) printf(nLast name ) scanf(%s, s1.lname) printf(nClass name ) scanf(%s, s1.class_name) printf(nAddress ) scanf(%s, s1.address) printf(nPhone ) scanf(%s, s1.phone) printf(nEmail ) scanf(%s, s1.email) fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) continue else fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) fclose(fpgagan) fclose(fp1gagan) remove(students.txt) rename(students1.txt,students.txt) if(found=1) printf(Not found) getch() menu()sear ch_fn() int id1,found found = 0 printf(nPlease enter the Student ID ) scanf(%d, id1) if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL) printf(Empty) else while(feof(fpgagan) found==0) fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) if(s1.id==id1) found=1 if(found==1) printf(nStudent record found.) printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) else printf(Not found) getch() menu()delete_fn() printf(nThis is the delete function) int id1,found found = 0 printf(nPlease enter the Student ID ) scanf(%d, id1) if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL) printf(Empty) else fp1gagan=fopen(students1.txt,a+) while(feof(fpgagan) found==0) fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) if(s1.id==id1) found=1 printf(nStudent record found.) printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.e mail) printf(nRecord deleted) continue else fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email) fclose(fpgagan) fclose(fp1gagan) remove(students.txt) rename(students1.txt,students.txt) if(found=1) printf(Not found) getch() menu()exit_fn() printf(nThis is the exit function)Here we are recording three students recordIn this screen short we are able to see the record of the studentsIn this screen shot we try to modify the recordHere we can see the change in the record.Here we try to delete the recordAnd in this screen shot only one record is leftCircuitsToday. (2015). Retrieved from Difference between Procedure Oriented(POP) and Object Oriented Programming(OOP) http//www.circuitstoday.com/difference-between-procedure-oriented-and-object-oriented-programming

Impact of e-commerce

electric shock of e-commerceE-commerce is the process of managing online financial proceeding by individuals and companies. This implys business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-government (B2G) transactions. The direction of e-commerce is on the systems and procedures whereby financial documents and information of all types are exchanged. This includes online credit card transactions, e-cash, e-billing, e-cheques, electronic in theatrical roles, purchase order and financial statements. E-commerce is particularly concerned with the technologies that enable EDI-type functionality on the lucre.To be done an internationally agreed holding definition of e-commerce it was accepted the need for three dimensions to be spelt out as part of the definition process. These dimensions bushel to the Networks over which the relevant activities are carried out Processes that ought to be included within the general domain of electronic commerce and Actors involved in the transactions.Networks are stipulate through broad and narrow definitions.The broad definition considers an electronic transaction to be the sale or purchase of goods or attend tos, whether between businesses, ho workholds, individuals, Governments, and another(prenominal) worldly concern or private organizations, conducted over computer mediated networks. The goods and services are ordered over those networks, but the salary and the ultimate part withy of the good or service may be conducted on- or offline.The narrow definition considers an Internet transaction to be the sale or purchase of goods or services, whether between businesses, households, individuals, Governments, and other humans or private organizations, conducted over the Internet. The goods and services are ordered over the Internet, but the fee and the ultimate delivery of the good or service may be conducted on-or offline.Concerning the processes that ought to be included some countries want to restrict the definition to the purchasing and selling aspect incorporated in the above definitions, many others want to include other types of business processes, such as marketing and advertising. Developing countries allow also favour a definition that includes business activities that go beyond purchasing and selling, given the restrictions that some of those countries face in conducting online payments.E-commerce is often described as being one of three varieties business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C) or business-to-government (B2G).Much of the participation and the literature has focused on B2B and B2C electronic commerce and most of the statistical indicators have also been in respect of these two forms. About 80 per cent of the total value of electronic commerce in the world today are accounted for by B2B e-commerce. It provides also the greatest potential benefits in terms of productiveness gains. B2C e-commerce has the potential to substantially affect the way in which people live and interact with each other and is therefore a key aspect for statistical measurement. Only a small deed of countries have so far undertaken often work with respect to the measurement of B2G e-commerce.E-commerce today is very much a business-to business affair. Enterprises in developing countries should not let themselves be fooled by the much higher visibility of the business-to-consumer dotcoms. Those enterprises in developing countries that make goods or deliver services that are necessary for the productive process of other enterprises are the ones that should first consider incorporating the Internet (which does not necessary mean the web) as an promoter to enhance their opportunities to complete and grow. Due to the lack of reliable and internationally comparable e-commerce statistics, numerous national statistical offices have started to collect data on e-commerce and, generally, the use of ICT and the Internet. They have the advantage of guaranteein g the confidentiality of the collected data, having a more neutral position when it comes to collecting and interpreting the data and being able to use their existing methodologies and understructure for data collection, processing and analysis. Some countries are already benefiting from the results they are now in a position to benchmark their economies with competitors internationally they are able to make out the number of qualified people needed to advance their countrys information providence or to calculate the amount of investments needed to provide business with entree to the Internet.thither are several(prenominal) classical steps involved in collecting e-commerce-related data.First, a country needs to decide what kind of data it wants to measure, reflecting the level of its e-commerce activity. approximately developing countries would be probably focus on collecting readiness indicators, such as the number of businesses with computers and access to the Internet, and intensity indicators, such as the number of businesses the receive orders over the Internet and the value of those orders. But how does one define these indicators? The member States of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have agreed on the above-named working definition of e-commerce that could be used in the measuring process. The definition includes the network over which e-commerce is carried out (Internet or other), the specific business processes related to e-commerce and the contrasting actors involved (business, households or Governments). On the basis of this definition, a set of priority indicators for e-commerce has been established by a number of international and national bodies.Examining the e-commerce important header is what impact ICT and the Internet have had on the productiveness growth. It reduces transaction costs allocates recourses best(p) increases economies of scale improves the competitiveness of business in general increas es efficiency generates important changes in the management and production processes of business.Acceleration of the growth of productivity is notified but the reason for this is rather controversial. However the UNCTAD secretariat agrees that there are reasons to believe that much of the acceleration of productivity growth is structural and attributable to changes induced by ICT and the Internet, through improvements in all aspects of corporate organization, production, finance, marketing and logistics.Although the speed at which companies in several advanced countries invest in ICT has decreased in the past few months, in the medium term there are several reasons to face that ICT result continue to support rapid productivity growth. First, the cost of computing power is predicted to keep falling at a steep rate for several years. Secondly, most enterprises are still learning how to reorganize themselves in order to benefit fully from the Internet. Finally, in many countries ther e is a lot of sleuthing up to do in the application of ICT to business. As firms in other developed economies and, most importantly, in developing countries engage in e-business, global productivity growth should accelerate.We should have a look at the process of moving from traditional to online payment. Online versions of nearly all-existing payment methods are appearing rapidly. Conventional financial instruments with online analogues include cash, money orders, giro transfer, cheques, drafts, notes and bills of exchange. The existing modes of third-party protection against the risks of non-payment and non-performance, including documentary credit, credit insurance, bonding, factoring and forfeiting, are also rapidly developing their online equivalents. The same applies to wholesale payment systems, including supposed automated clearing house (ACH) networks, wire transfers for large-volume payments and interbank payments networks.Credit and debit cards are principal payments in strument in B2B and B2C e-commerce. The kick the bucket from cards with magnetic strips to refreshed cards with multifunctional chips that include security features is the next Internet-centered stage in the development of the payments cards industry.In parallel, Internet technologies to provide security in online payments have been evolving. appease the most widely accepted standard, is the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), a set of built-in browser protocols designed initially by Netscape to protect card-based financial transactions on the Internet. A more unshakable and complex bank-centered Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) software is being used more and more by online payments providers.In the field of Internet banking ACH debits and credits, as hygienic as domestic and international wire transfers became possible with systems such as the Bank Internet Payment corpse (BIPS). The Society for Worldwide Inter-Bank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) also started its move to th e open Internet platform.Banks and financial services companies in the developing countries will need to adopt online payment systems and practices that will meet their clients new needs arising from a shift to e-commerce. They will need to adopt systems that address the key issue of concern to users, namely security, confidentiality, acknowledgment of sellers and buyers, verification of buyers solvency guarantee of delivery.To obtain e-trade finance and equity investment, companies from developing countries need to be registered in local, regional and global Internet-based commercial risk database. For that, company registries, public courts, accountancy and audit, and other business-related services should undergo substantial enhancements. Non-bank financial services such as credit information, credit insurance, factoring and leasing should develop. Local banks should adapt to e-banking and move online their customer credit risk databases, and their individual and corporate custo mer payment services and financing, including trade finance instruments.Tourism and its Internet incarnation, often called e touristry, is regularly cited as one of the fastest growing e-commerce sectors.Considering the importance of the tourism economy for Bulgaria and many other developing countries, and in particular its role as an employer and earner of irrelevant currency, the need to maintain and increase competitiveness through adopting e-commerce best practice is acute.The main actors in the tourism industry include Governments, tour operators, distributors and wholesalers, hotels, airlines and other expect operators, and most important of all, the tourists themselves. Each of these actors has a stake in the development of the electronic market and will be affected in different slipway by electronic commerce.Tourism is an interesting sector for appreciating the potential of electronic commerce for the economies of developing countries in several respects. Tourism is a sec tor in which a signifi coffin nailt number of developing countries have established competitive advantages over the years and it has remained largely a traditional service activity in which, until recently, buyers, sellers and intermediaries were well defined.Tourism producers and destination organizations in developing countries that adopt the Internet and e-commerce best practice have a chance to improve their competitiveness by producing better products, with greater tailoring to clients, more efficiently, faster to market with less waste and fewer inputs, and at better sets.Infomediaries in developing countries should develop their e-business outline having in mind the technical capacities of their national or regional tourism producers for using Internet technologies. Solutions must be appropriate for both consumers and producers.The fundamental take exception is to take the traditional tourism product, delineate its information from its physical components, and selectively manage them using Internet and e-commerce technologies.The winner in the competitive etourism game will be the company that inspires consumer confidence, through quality data and physical product performance, and is able to offer a comprehensive yet tailor-made product.While Internet and e-commerce technologies offer unprecedented possibilities for interactivity and dialogue, traditional surveying and gauging tools estimating customer preferences and satisfaction are still very relevant. Footwork and face-to-face interviewing may be a necessary get-go point for building a B2B network or business web. Market research, whatever the technology or even without technology, is a hugely important activity.A fundamental factor for success is to speak the language of the prospective customers. A successful etourism strategy must assess the linguistic origins of its major client groups and iterate Internet content in their languages. Understanding their Internet habits and ways of learning , openness to on-line dialogue and attitudes towards privacy, as well as the underlying legal system.Online payment facilities for sell clients using credit cards are an absolutely fundamental business toll that must be made available to the national tourism sector. Destination marketing organizations (DMOs), be they government bodies or business associations, can favourably contribute to modernizing the tourism industries of developing countries. DMOs can provide a voice to the fragmented industry producers in promoting their requests to the financial authorities and banks to provide them with online payment. When online payment is in place DMOs may, on behalf of the entire tourism industry, negotiate with domestic banks better terms and conditions for online payment than particular tourism companies would manage on their own. DMOs may be instrumental in informing their tourism industry about secure transactions and risk management techniques.Most of the above actions cannot be im plemented without empowering and enabling people to take advantage of new Internet and e-commerce technologies.E-commerce and Internet technology can improve communication and can make doing business easier. The ability of people at both ends of the message or transaction to use these technologies is a precondition for their wide adoption and impact.In conclusion, it is expected that in the few years the productivity gap between the European countries and the United States (leader in e-commerce activities) will close rapidly as European productivity growth increases faster than that of the United States. This process is known as convergence in productivity. Convergence in productivity takes place when the countries that lag behind the technological frontier grow more rapidly in productivity than the leading countries.The same could be neat for developing countries, with a reasonable degree of readiness. The impact of e-commerce on developing countries could be even stronger than th at on developed countries because the scope for reducing inefficiencies and increasing productivity is much larger in the developing countries.To summarize, by cutting costs, increasing efficiency and reducing time and distance, e-commerce could become an important tool for development.Impact of E-CommerceImpact of E-CommerceJay KybertAs the retail industry develops, more services are introduced to entice customers to use their computer storages. There are varieties of services that are being used by companies to attract attention and make it easier for customers to use their websites, in the hope of increased revenue. Services like Next-Day Delivery tempt customers to purchase their item sooner, since it will arrive the following day. This makes increased profits for the company by charging for the service. These services essentially persuade the customer to buy the product at a higher price but with (usually) a faster delivery, tracked item, etc.Since E-Commerce is becoming incr easingly popular, traditional retail businesses are losing money since fewer customers shop in stores. big companies have the resources and money to create optimised websites that allow their customers to shop on the internet. This leads to a negative economic impact for smaller businesses but, as an entire society, a richer economy as there are new ways to shop. Also, socially, fewer people will be shop in stores. This could lead to retail shops closing from a lack of revenue, especially in smaller businesses that cannot support themselves with a lack of funds.Bricks and Clicks is a new approach to commerce in its entirety. The name Bricks and Clicks refers to physical retail stores (Bricks) and online obtain (Clicks). As E-Commerce grew in popularity, businesses realised they can make a greater profit from online shopping this is called Bricks and Clicks because they have both physical stores as well as an online store. There are benefits and drawbacks to both approaches (Physic al vs Digital), but having both increases the range of the potential audience. This is because physical stores may attract people who are simply base on balls past the shop or people who are regular customers. Having a digital store on top of this targets (potentially) every person with an internet connection. Companies can increase traffic to their website by advertisements on popular websites, directly increasing awareness of the brand.One of the main benefits for customers using E-Commerce is the availability. Physically shopping considers going to the nigh shopping centre, looking for the specific shop and finding the wanted item within it. Online shopping provides an easy alternative available whenever. Being able to access the website whenever (unless it is down for maintenance) makes it easier for anyone wanting to buy a specific item, as they dont have to consider the closing time for the shop. In addition, people who have unusual work hours at their job may struggle with physical stores as they close in the evening. Therefore, having the option to buy from a store whenever using the internet provides an easier alternative.Online shopping isnt perfect there are problems with the financial side, especially whether companies can be trusted. After a customer enters their information (Name, address, credit/debit card, etc.) the company has a responsibility to protect that information from unauthorised sources, the most special K being hackers. There is always the possibility, and it has occurred, that major corporations have been hacked and their customers information has been released to the public or sold. However, as hacking becomes increasingly common, internet security is improved to prevent it. Internet shoppers shouldnt just worry about the website being untrustworthy, malware and other viruses could steal the information from the computer, the most common being a Keylogger. As the name suggests, it is either a physical hardware component install ed into the computer or a program that logs all of the keystrokes on the computer. This is one way that information can be stolen not directly from the website.E-Commerce has, and will continue, to have an effect on employment. If people start to only shop online, store workers may lose their jobs because of financial difficulties. However, delivery services will have to hire more employees to keep up with the demand of online shopping. In addition, since companies require websites for online shopping, website developers, network administrators and a variety of server-related jobs are needed. Therefore, people working in retail stores may lose their jobs if people continue to isolate themselves from physical shopping and choose online shopping. However, more job opportunities open up relating to technology.The social divide is becoming more important as technology progresses. People with little income focus on essentials before purchasing luxuries. Therefore, it would be difficult f or people with little income to purchase a computer or another electronic device resourceful of online shopping. However, since the majority of people can permit, and use their electronic devices for shopping, companies target these people since they make up the majority. This affects the companys decisions, for instance, they may begin to close down retail stores and quite focus on E-Commerce. This doesnt affect people who have enough disposable income to purchases these devices, but it does affect people with little income. This leads to these people struggling to shop, since they cant afford the platform needed for online shopping. Therefore, leading to a social divide between people with little disposable income and people with greater disposable income.

Howard Taft :: essays research papers

William Howard Taft (27th President of the United States)Born1857, in Cincinnati, Ohio.Family backgroundthe son of Alphonso and Louisa Torrey Taft. Both parents were descendants of old and strong New England families of British origin. His father, a native of Vermont and the son of a judge, had moved to Cincinnati in 1837 to practice law. His mother came to Ohio from Massachusetts years later as Alphonsos wink wife. In time there were six children, including William, his two brothers, his sister, and his two half brothers by his fathers first marriage.EducationTaft received his early education at local anesthetic public schools. Even-tempered and intelligent, he had little difficulty in meeting his parents exacting standards. In 1874 he entered Yale College (now Yale University), where he was both successful and popular. When he gradational in 1878, he ranked second in his class. After Yale he went home to attend the Cincinnati Law School. He graduated in 1880 and passed the Ohio bar examinations the alike year.Marriage and ChildrenIn 1885 Taft returned to public service as assistant county solicitor in Hamilton County. The following year he married Helen Herron, whom he called Nellie, the daughter of a well-known Cincinnati lawyer. The couple had three children, Helen, Charles Phelps, and Robert Alphonso Taft.Career1890-1892 Served as U.S. solicitor general.1892-1900 Served as U.S. federal circuit court judge.1901 Served as governor general of the Philippines.1904-1908 Served as depository of war under William Mckinley.1909-1913 President of the United States.1921-1931 Served as chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.AchievementsEnforced the Sherman Antitrust Act, overseeing the filing of 67 antitrust suits. Increased the advocator of the interstate commerce commission in 1910 by placing communication companies under its control. He signed the publicity act in 1910 requiring political parties to disclose the measuring stick and sources of federal elect ion campaign funds. He divided the department of commerce and labor into two departments in 1913. He encouraged ?dollar diplomacy? persuading U.

The Legalization of Concealed Weapons for Self Protection :: essays papers

The Legalization of Concealed Weapons for Self ProtectionThe legalization of concealed weapons for the purpose of self protection has and allow for decrease the number of gun cogitate crimes. Guns were not invented for the purposeof robbing a bank, or mugging someone in a dark alley. Guns were not invented bycriminals or by people flavor for a way to murder or intimidate. The invention of thegun was directed at making hunting easier and last was used in war to moderate ourcountry. The first guns, or mortars were croupnons. These weapons were used to wardcities in the early 1400s. The French were the first to use cannons in vigorous warfare. And in recent wars guns have provided the artillary to defend inocent countries againstterrorist. What is so wrong with self defense?If someone has the intent to murder, mug, or rape an innocent person, gun laws willing not stop that person. The only subject that a gun law does is to take away the correctly of good citizens like us to protect ourselves from these criminals. We can not go back in time and not invent the gun. We will never get rid of them all, so as long as guns exist, criminals will obtain them easier and faster than the norm citizen has ever been able to.A woman who thought she was alone in her Jacona, New Mexico, home and hadjust emerged from the consume when she heard the sounds of someone ransacking theresidence. The quick-thinking occupier retreated to the bedroom but was soon confrontedby a stocky male intruder who had violently kicked win the locked door. Thats whenthe intended victim pointed a handgun at the man, sending him fleeing The woman in thisstory and others like her are the types of people who cherish the right to bare arms.One year after Australian gun owners were forced to surrender 640,381 personalfirearms to be destroyed, including semi-automatic .22 rifles and shotguns, a programcosting the g everyplacenment over 500 million dollars. The results are little than expected. Adramatic increase in criminal activity involving firearms has been experienced by thecitizens of Australia. Just after twelve months of the new gun laws, Australia-widehomicides are up 3.2%, assaults are up 8.6%, and armed robberies are up 44% In thestate of Victoria, homicides with firearms are up three hundred% Figures over the past 25 long timeThe Legalization of Concealed Weapons for Self Protection essays papersThe Legalization of Concealed Weapons for Self ProtectionThe legalization of concealed weapons for the purpose of self protection has andwill decrease the number of gun related crimes. Guns were not invented for the purposeof robbing a bank, or mugging someone in a dark alley. Guns were not invented bycriminals or by people looking for a way to murder or intimidate. The invention of thegun was directed at making hunting easier and eventually was used in war to defend ourcountry. The first guns, or mortars were cannons. These weapons were used to d efendcities in the early 1400s. The French were the first to use cannons in mobile warfare. And in recent wars guns have provided the artillary to defend inocent countries againstterrorist. What is so wrong with self defense?If someone has the intent to murder, mug, or rape an innocent person, gun lawswill not stop that person. The only thing that a gun law does is to take away the right of good citizens like us to protect ourselves from these criminals. We can not go back in time and not invent the gun. We will never get rid of them all, so as long as guns exist, criminals will obtain them easier and faster than the average citizen has ever been able to.A woman who thought she was alone in her Jacona, New Mexico, home and hadjust emerged from the shower when she heard the sounds of someone ransacking theresidence. The quick-thinking resident retreated to the bedroom but was soon confrontedby a stocky male intruder who had violently kicked down the locked door. Thats whenthe intended victim pointed a handgun at the man, sending him fleeing The woman in thisstory and others like her are the types of people who cherish the right to bare arms.One year after Australian gun owners were forced to surrender 640,381 personalfirearms to be destroyed, including semi-automatic .22 rifles and shotguns, a programcosting the government over 500 million dollars. The results are less than expected. Adramatic increase in criminal activity involving firearms has been experienced by thecitizens of Australia. Just after twelve months of the new gun laws, Australia-widehomicides are up 3.2%, assaults are up 8.6%, and armed robberies are up 44% In thestate of Victoria, homicides with firearms are up 300% Figures over the past 25 years

Schizophrenia :: essays research papers

Schizophrenia is a class of roughnesss characterized by fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, or behavior. It is also known as a "split musical theme" the person is in a world that has nothing to do with e realday experiences. One to one and a half percent of the U.S. population will be diagnosed with it sometime over the course of their lives. Schizophrenia has a pattern of unique and predictable symptoms. There ar two main types of symptoms corroborative and negative symptoms. The positive symptoms are delusions or hallucinations negative symptoms are deficits in behavior or an inability to express emotion. But what exactly are these symptoms and are they easy to maintain? The more(prenominal) obvious types of symptoms are the positive. One characteristic that is often experienced is delusions, which are known as thoughts with meanings that are unrealistic. For example, people with this disorder tend to intrust that they are someone else in disgui se such as Elvis or Jesus. Another type of delusion is the delusion of grandeur, which is when an individual believes that they are more important than they actually are. A less common but very real type of delusion is a delusion of persecution, which is when an individual is convinced that others are plotting against him. But even more severe is perceptions known as hallucinations. Hallucinations are perceptions that can not possibly be real because there is nothing outer to support them however, to the person affected, they can be heard, seen, or even felt. Some individuals may see objects change shape or size, which is not very laughable for someone with schizophrenia. On some occasions, individuals claim to hear voices in their heads, telling them to do or say certain things. These voices appear to be so real, that in some instances individuals where known to have committed suicide because thats what the voice told them to do. Less obvious than the positive symptoms but equall y serious are the negative symptoms. It is very common for a person to show flat affect, which means they show little or no emotional reaction. If someone shows a person with this disorder an extremely funny movie or a very sad picture, they are unlikely to even smile or shed a tear. muckle with schizophrenia also refuse to participate in basic everyday activities. They may refuse to eat or wash themselves. Some other symptoms that are less common are disorganized speech and catatonia.

Folk Tales :: essays research papers

When you where a kid did your parents ever tell you stories ab out your culture or about your family&8217s values? Chances are they where sexual congress you a folk tale. Folk tales are stories passed down usually by word of mouth but often they are written down. Folk tales tutor a valuable life lesson while entertaining the reader or in somewhat cases the listener. This essay will give examples of three folk tales and go into depth on how they teach lessons and still remain entertaining for children and even adults.The first of the three folk tales I will be discussing is titled The Sheep of San Cristobal, in which a young woman named Filipa looses her only son. She makes ends meet by growing beans and selling them to the local townspeople, who are very sympathetic to Filipa. When a rich sheep drover named Don Jose starts harassing Filipa because she refuses to marry him She wishes for him to fall off a cliff and break his neck, when her wish comes true she feels very guilty and makes penance by giving away(p) all of Don Jose&8217s sheep to those poor enough to deserve them. At the end of her penance she finds her son. This news report tells allot about Spanish Culture and shows how phantasmal the people are. The second folk tale is titled From things fall apart. It is a story of a greedy manipulative turtle who tricks a flock of birds out of their feast in the sky, but he soon learns his lesson when the birds take away their feathers and he is forced to jump back to earth thus shattering his smooth out shell. This story shows that this culture believes that if you do bad things you will eventually get what is coming to you.The third folk tale is called In the Land of the Small Dragon. This story has many similarities with Cinderella. It is the story of a beautiful young girl named Tam who&8217s beauty reflects her inner kindness and innocence. Her half-sister Cam is ugly, which reflects her bitter, jealous, and lazy personality. Tams stepmother treats her like a break ones back and lets Cam do whatever she wants. Later in the story Tam is given new clothes and a pair of crystal shoes by some animals. A bird takes on of the shoes and delivers in to the emperors son, who is inspired to find the owner of the shoe and marry her.

State Of The Union Address Essay :: essays research papers

State of the Union Address EssayPresident Clinton has declared that "the enemy of our time is inaction,"pledging to forge bipartisan agreements on a balanced budget and campaignfinance reform within months, and to lead a "national crusade" to improveeducation by the put to work of the century. Education, Clinton vowed, would be his"number-one priority for the next four years," and he devoted the longestportion of his address to this. He appealed for "national standards" to improvestudent performance and sworn to promote such standards with voluntary testsprepared by the federal government.Most of the ideas Clinton presented sustain night first appeared as poll-tested proposals in his reelection campaign last fall expanding the 1993"Family and Medical Leave Act" to include time off from work for parent-teacherconferences school curfews and tax credits and deductions to subsidize collegeeducation. But he presented these ideas employ more tha n encompassing and urgentlanguage than before."We face no imminent threat, but we do have an enemy The enemy of ourtime is inaction," Clinton declared at the start of his speech. He finished, ashe did in last months address, by invoking the symbolism that the nation isabout to pass into a new millennium. "We dont have a moment to waste," he said."Tomorrow, there will be just over 1,000 days until the year 2000. . . . Onethousand days to work together."The speech proven shorter than predicted and far more organized anddisciplined than some of his previous appearances before Congress. The annualspeeches to Congress have served as markers of Clintons ideological migration.In 1993, he proclaimed that government must do more and unveiled a raft of big-government proposals, including a $30 billion "stimulus package" that was vastlymore expensive than any single proposal he offered last night.